(အထရီပါ) ေဆးအစား သံုးႏိုင္ရန္ တြဲေဆးလံုးကို (ဂီးလ္လိ္ဒ္-ဆိုင္းယင့္စ္) မွ
ထုတ္လုပ္ရန္ ရွိေသးသည္။ ယင္းအတြက္ (ဂီးလ္လိ္ဒ္) မွ ၂ဝ၁ဝ ႏိုင္ဝဘၤာကတည္းက
အသိအမွတ္ျပဳမႈကို ေလွ်ာက္ထားခဲ့ရာ ၾသဂုတ္လတြင္ အဆံုးအျဖတ္ရမည္ဟု
ခန္႔မွန္းထားသည္။
 

(ဒူးရင့္) ေဆးကို အသိအမွတ္ျပဳခဲ့ျခင္းမွာ ေဆးသစ္ကို သတိမမူသည့္
(အိတ္ခ်္-အိုင္-ဗြီ) လူနာမ်ားအား စမ္းသပ္သည့္အခါ (ဆပ္စ္တီဗာ) ေဆးကဲ့သို႔ပင္
ထိေရာက္ေၾကာင္း ေတြ႔ရွိရ၍ ျဖစ္သည္။ (ဆပ္စ္တီဗာ) ေဆးသည္ အေမရိကားတြင္
အမ်ားဆံုး သံုးေနေသာ (အင္န္-အင္န္-အာရ္-တီ-အိုင္) ေဆးမ်ိဳး ျဖစ္သည္။
ထို႔ျပင္ ေလာေလာဆယ္ ကုထံုး လမ္းညႊန္မ်ား အရ ယခင္က (အိတ္ခ်္-အိုင္-ဗြီ) ကို
မကုသဘူးေသးသူမ်ားအတြက္ ေရြးခ်ယ္သင့္ေသာ (အင္န္-အင္န္-အာရ္-တီ-အိုင္)
ေဆးလည္း ျဖစ္သည္။ (ဆပ္စ္တီဗာ) သည္ အသံုးမ်ားေသာ (အင္တီ-ရီထရုိ-ဗိုင္းရယ္)
ကုထံုးျဖစ္သည့္ (အထြီပလာ) ၏ အစိတ္အပိုင္း တခုလည္း ျဖစ္သည္။
 
၄၈
ပါတ္ ကုသျပီးေနာက္ (ဒူးရင့္) ေဆး သုေတသနျပဳခ်က္တြင္ ပါဝင္သည့္လူနာ ၈၃% သည္
(ဗိုင္းရပ္စ္) ဖိႏွိမ္မႈ တနည္းအားျဖင့္ ေသြးထဲတြင္ (အိတ္ခ်္-အိုင္-ဗြီ)
ပိုး ရွာမေတြ႔ေလာက္ေအာင္ နည္းေစမႈကို ရလာေစသည္။ (ဆပ္စ္တီဗာ)
ေဆးေပးသူမ်ားတြင္ ၈ဝ% ထိုသို႔ ရေစသည္။
 

(ဒူးရင့္) ေဆး ၂၅ မီလီဂရမ္ကို တေန႔ ၁ ၾကိမ္
အစာႏွင့္တြဲ ေသာက္ရသည္။ (အက္ဖ္-ဒီ-ေအ) မွ အသိအမွတ္ျပဳသည္မွာ ယင္းေဆးအား
အျခား (အင္တီ-ရီထရုိ-ဗိုင္းရယ္) ေဆးမ်ားႏွင့္ တြဲဖက္သံုးရန္ ျဖစ္သည္။
 

(အက္ဖ္-ဒီ-ေအ) သတင္းထုတ္ျပန္ခ်က္ထဲတြင္ (ဒူးရင့္) သည္ (ဆပ္စ္တီဗာ)
ကဲ့သို႔ေသာ အားနည္းခ်က္မ်ား မရွိေၾကာင္း၊ ေဆးသုေတသန လုပ္စဥ္က (ဒူးရင့္)
ေဆးေသာက္ရန္ ပ်က္ကြက္ခဲ့သူမ်ားတြင္ (ဆပ္စ္တီဗာ) ေဆးမေသာက္သူမ်ားထက္
ေဆးယဥ္ျခင္း အျဖစ္ျမန္သည္ကို ေတြ႔ရွိခဲ့ရသည္။
 

ထို႔ျပင္ ေဆးသုေတသန လုပ္စဥ္က (ဗိုင္ရယ္လ္-လုတ္) မ်ားေသာ တနည္းအားျဖင့္
ေသြးထဲတြင္ ဗိုင္းရပ္စ္အေရအတြက္ ၁ မီလီလီတာတြင္ ေကာင္ေရ ၁ သိန္းထက္ မ်ားေသာ
သူမ်ား၌ (ဗိုင္ရယ္လ္-လုတ္) နည္းသူမ်ားေလာက္ (ဗိုင္းရပ္စ္) ဖိႏွိမ္မႈ
မရသည္ကို ေတြ႔ရွိရသည္။ (ဗိုင္ေရာ္ေလာဂ်စ္-ေဖလူယာ) ေခၚ ဗိုင္းရပ္စ္ေဆး
ကုမရျခင္းကို ၁၃% တြင္ ေတြ႔ရသည္။ (ဆပ္စ္တီဗာ) ေဆးနည္းက ထိုးသို႔
ျဖစ္ႏိုင္ေခ် ၉% ရွိသည္။
 

(ဒူးရင့္) ေဆး၏ ေဘးထြက္-ဆိုးက်ိဳးမ်ားမွာ (ဆပ္စ္တီဗာ) ႏွင့္ သေဘာသဘာဝေရာ
ျဖစ္ႏိုင္ေခ်ပါ တူညီသည္။ အမ်ိဳးဆံုး ျဖစ္ႏိုင္သည္မွာ စိတ္ဓါတ္က်ျခင္း၊
အိပ္မေပ်ာ္ႏိုင္ျခင္း၊ ေခါင္းကိုက္ျခင္း ႏွင့္
အနီျပင္ထြက္ျခင္းတို႔ျဖစ္သည္။ ေဘးထြက္-ဆိုးက်ိဳးေၾကာင့္ (ဒူးရင့္)
ေဆးသံုးသူ ၂% ႏွင့္ (ဆပ္စ္တီဗာ) ေဆးသံုးသူ ၇% တို႔က ေဆးရပ္ျပစ္ၾကသည္။
 

(ဒူးရင့္) ေဆးကို ဇြန္ ပဌမလဝက္အတြင္း ေဆးဆိုင္မ်ားသို႔ပို႔ရန္
ေမွ်ာ္လင့္ေၾကာင္း (တီဗိုတက္ခ္) ကိုယ္စားလွယ္တဦးမွ ေျပာၾကားလိုက္သည္။
ေဆးတန္ဘိုးမွာ ေဆး ၁ လံုးလ်င္ ၂၁ ေဒၚလာ၊ တႏွစ္စာ ၇၇ဝဝ ေဒၚလာ ကုန္က်မည္
ျဖစ္သည္။ (ဆပ္စ္တီဗာ) ေဆးတန္ဘိုးမွာ တႏွစ္စာ ေဒၚလာ ၇၂ဝဝ ရွိသည္။
အဆိုပါတန္ဘိုးမ်ားသည္ ပံုမွန္ လူၾကီးတဦးလ်င္ တေန႔ ၆ဝဝ မီလီဂရမ္ျဖင့္
တြက္ထားျခင္းျဖစ္သည္။
 

(တီဗိုတက္ခ္) မွ ၄င္း၏ ဝင္ေငြနည္းပါးသူမ်ားအား အခမဲ့ေဆးေထာက္ပံ့ေရးအစီအစဥ္ႏွင့္ အျခား လူနာအကူအညီ (ပရိုဂရမ္) မ်ားသို႔ပါ (ဒူးရင့္) ေဆးကို ထည့္သြင္းမည္ျဖစ္သည္။
 
ေဒါက္တာတင့္ေဆြ (၂၉-၅-၂ဝ၁၁)
 
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) announced today that it has
approved the new antiretroviral Edurant, a non-nucleoside reverse
transcriptase inhibitor, for use in people with HIV who have not
previously been treated.
Edurant (rilpivirine) will be marketed by Tibotec Therapeutics, a
subsidiary of Johnson & Johnson. Tibotec also markets the anti-HIV
drugs Intelence (Etravirine) and Prezista (Sarunavir).
“Patients may respond differently to various HIV drugs or
experience varied side effects. FDA’s approval of Edurant provides an
additional treatment option for patients who are starting HIV therapy,”
said Dr. Edward Cox, director of the FDA’s Office of Antimicrobial
Products at the Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, in an FDA press
release.
The approval adds a new non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase
inhibitor (NNRTI) to the list of approved anti-HIV drugs. It also
increases the chances that a new combination pill, containing Edurant
plus Truvada (emtricitabine/tenofovir), will be approved by the FDA.
The combination pill, which is intended as an alternative to Atripla (efavirenz/emtricitabine/tenofovir),
will be marketed by Gilead Sciences. Gilead applied for approval of the
combination pill in November 2010, and a decision is expected in
August.
The approval of Edurant is based on clinical trial results showing
that the drug is as effective as Sustiva (Efavirenz) in treatment-naïve
people with HIV. Sustiva is the most commonly prescribed NNRTI in the
U.S. and, according to current treatment guidelines, is the preferred
NNRTI for people who have not previously been treated for HIV. Sustiva
is also a component in Atripla, the most commonly prescribed
antiretroviral regimen.
After 48 weeks of treatment, 83 percent of study participants
taking Edurant achieved viral suppression (undetectable amount of HIV in
the blood), compared to 80 percent of participants taking Sustiva.
Edurant is taken as a once-daily 25 mg pill and must be taken with
food. Its approval by the FDA is for use in combination with other
antiretrovirals.
The FDA noted in its press release that Edurant does have some
disadvantages relative to Sustiva. Clinical trial participants who
failed treatment with Edurant were more likely to show drug resistance
than those who failed treatment with Sustiva. They were also more likely
to become resistant to the other antiretrovirals they were taking and
to other NNRTIs.
In addition, clinical trial participants who started with higher
viral loads (amount of HIV in the blood) of greater than 100,000 copies
per milliliter were less likely to achieve viral suppression than
participants who started with lower viral loads. Overall, 13 percent of
trial participants taking Edurant experienced virologic failure,
compared to 9 percent taking Sustiva.
Side effects for Edurant were similar in nature and frequency to
those for Sustiva. The most common side effects were depression,
difficulty sleeping (insomnia), headache, and rash. However, fewer
patients stopped taking Edurant due to side effects (2 percent, versus 7
percent taking Sustiva).
A representative from Tibotec told The Beacon that the company
expects to start shipping Edurant to pharmacies in the first half of
June. The drug will cost $21 per pill, or around $7,700 per year.
Sustiva currently costs around $7,200 per year, assuming a normal adult
dose of 600 mg daily.
Tibotec also plans to add Edurant to its patient assistance
program, which provides Tibotec’s anti-HIV drugs free to low-income
patients, as well as to its other patient support programs.

FDA Approves New Anti-HIV Drug Edurant